Design and fabrication of open-cavity electrodes for studies of electrified interfaces

Abstract Optical cavities provide a promising route to investigate strong light–matter coupling effects on studies for electrochemistry. Integrating cavity structures with electrochemical electrodes need optimized design. Here, we report the fabrication of open-cavity electrodes consisting of a cavity length-defined dielectric spacer and thin Au mirrors. One of the mirrors equipes the function of the electrode to maintain absolute electrochemical potential. The resulting structures exhibit well-defined Fabry–Perot resonances while maintaining electrochemical functionality, providing a scalable platform for exploring light–matter coupling effects at electrified interfaces.