Metabolic Outcomes and Recurrent Weight Gain 10 Years After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, a Longitudinal Cohort Study

Long-term weight loss and improvement in associated medical problems are seen after metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Few studies have focused on recurrent weight gain (RWG) after RYGB. Patients operated with RYGB from 2004 to 2008 were invited to 10-year follow-up consultations. The primary outcome was weight development in terms of total weight loss and RWG. Significant RWG was defined as gaining > 30% of initial weight loss two years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included associated medical problems. Among a total of 582 patients operated, 311/544 (56%) patients attended 10-year follow-up. Mean age at 10 years was 52.8 (9.2) years, with 76.5% females. Body mass index (BMI), weight and total weight loss at 10-year follow-up were 35.6 (6.8) kg/m2, 103.7 (24.1) kg and 23.4 (12.3) %, respectively. RWG at 10-year follow-up was 26.0 (48.8) %, with 45.6% of the patients experiencing RWG > 30%. For patients with and without RWG > 30%, the relapse and remission rates of diabetes type 2 and hypertension were comparable. Relapse rates of dyslipidemia were higher in patients with RWG > 30%. We found a high prevalence of significant RWG 10 years after RYGB. Except for dyslipidemia, the metabolic benefits of RYGB persisted despite RWG. 1. Significant reduction in weight and associated medical problems after RYGB. 2. Significant RWG > 30% 10-years after RYGB was seen in 45.6% of patients. 3. Relapse rates of diabetes type 2 and hypertension did not increase with RWG. 4. Relapse rates of dyslipidemia were higher in patients with RWG > 30%.