Insertion technologies for neonatal venous access: a scoping review

Venous access catheter insertion is a common invasive procedure for hospitalised neonates. In other populations catheter insertion is supported by evidence-based application of technologies. This scoping review aimed to examine literature about the use of technology in neonatal venous access insertion. Of the 7435 records returned, 91 studies, and 4 guidelines were included. Ultrasound was the most reported technology 81% (n = 74) followed by intracavity electrocardiogram 14% (n = 12). Comparison with gold standard measurement (x-ray) was undertaken in 72% (n = 66) of studies. Studies were predominately conducted on venous access catheters ending centrally 92% (n = 84), with the least studied venous access catheters being short and long peripheral intravenous catheters 7% (n = 7). Guidelines encouraged technology use but noted lack of high-level evidence. Ultrasound has increasing use and utility in neonatal central venous access, there lacks consensus on methods of use and measured outcomes with minimal current focus on the most common venous access catheters.