Same Streets, Different Contexts: Personality-Based Differences in Cycling Willingness Revealed from Objective and Subjective Perspectives

Against the backdrop of rising psychological stress and declining physical fitness in cities, how streetscape characteristics and Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality traits jointly influence cycling willingness across different contexts remains underexplored. Using Shenzhen, China, as a case study, we integrated objective bicycle-sharing travel records from 2021 and subjective pairwise ratings of 1000 street-view images from 960 participants. Cycling willingness was extrapolated through the TrueSkill algorithm and a ResNet50-based model, while street view elements were extracted via DeepLabV3+ and summarized into five indicators. Multivariate regression and multifactor ANOVA were used to test main and moderating effects across six cycling contexts. Results show that (1) Objective cycling indicators and subjective willingness exhibit a pattern of lower values in the center and higher values in the periphery. (2) The Spatial Green Index, Sky Openness Index, Path Freedom Index, and Facility Accessibility Index are the main influencing factors, while the Interface Enclosure Index has the weakest and most context-dependent effect. (3) Intuition/Feeling traits are more salient in leisure and exploration, Judging/Thinking in fitness and transport, and Extraversion/Feeling in social and companion contexts. These findings provide evidence for optimizing urban street cycling spaces in a multi-context and personality-informed manner.