Olive Leaf Spot ( <i>Venturia oleaginea</i> ) in Mediterranean Olive Groves: A Persistent Challenge for Sustainable Production

Abstract Olive leaf spot (OLS), caused by Venturia oleaginea , is among the most common and destructive diseases of olive ( Olea europaea L.) in Mediterranean countries. The pathogen weakens the capacity for photosynthesis and promotes early defoliation, which results in reduced tree vigor, yield and oil quality. Historically controlled by repeated copper fungicide applications, this disease is increasingly problematic because of environmental considerations, restrictions on the use of copper and the lack of resistant cultivars in many locations. The present case demonstrates biology and epidemiology of the pathogen, existing management techniques and the need for long-term integrated solutions combining productivity with environmental responsibility. Information © The Authors 2026.