Wheat seed germination prediction in response to temperature, water potential, and salinity using an artificial neural network

= 0.97, MSE = 26.2, RMSE = 5.11, MAE = 5.70). Water potential was identified as the most significant variable affecting total seed germination and T50, followed by salinity and temperature. Seed germination was maximum at 20.5 °C and decreased at higher and lower temperatures. The optimal temperature for T50 was 25.3 °C. Higher salinity and more negative water potential led to lower total seed germination. The results of this study can be used to develop process-based models of crop growth and development and predict total seed germination and germination time under different conditions of temperature, water potential, and salinity.