Safety and Effectiveness Outcomes of Ab Interno Canaloplasty in Open-angle Glaucoma: 10-year Results

of visual field mean deviation (VF MD) [measured with Humphrey field analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) and data collected at baseline and at the last available follow-up] and need for additional glaucoma procedures.The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.Inclusion criteria were patients 18 years or older with POAG or PEX glaucoma, both with open angles on gonioscopy.Exclusion criteria included other forms of secondary glaucoma (e.g., neovascular, uveitic, and traumatic), as well as narrow-angle or angle-closure glaucoma.Descriptive statistics were calculated for all outcome variables.For the overall cohort analysis, the last follow-up (LFU) for each eye was used to determine mean values.Eyes that required additional glaucoma surgery were included in the analysis up to the time of the secondary procedure.Paired comparisons between baseline and follow-up measurements were conducted using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.A significance threshold of p < 0.05 was applied.