Experimental characterization of the seismic response of traditional hold-downs and angle brackets in CLT structures: A critical overview and an annotated catalogue

This study presents a comprehensive review of the seismic performance of traditional hold-downs and angle brackets in Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) structures. These mechanical anchors play a crucial role in dissipating energy and ensuring ductile behaviour in CLT structures in seismic-prone areas. Despite numerous experimental studies conducted worldwide, key differences and similarities in mechanical performance across different traditional products remain insufficiently summarized. An annotated catalogue is developed by systematically collecting and analysing data from 39 experimental campaigns conducted between 2012 and 2023. Moreover, original data and figures from experimental campaigns on traditional hold-downs and angle brackets, are incorporated, providing additional contribution and originality to the study. The review examines key mechanical properties such as stiffness, peak load, ductility and ultimate displacement considering the influence of test configurations, load protocols, fastener types, and wood species. Findings reveal that the mechanical behaviour of hold-downs and angle brackets is strongly influenced by fastener patterns, geometric configurations, and anchoring details. A comprehensive annotated catalogue is present to support future research and design improvements in seismic applications for CLT structures.