Prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of gender-based violence in selected safe houses in the Sidama region, Ethiopia

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can significantly affect individuals who have endured traumatic events, particularly in instances of gender-based violence (GBV). This form of trauma can lead to considerable stress that impacts numerous facets of a person's life, including their mental, social, and physical well-being. Recognizing the prevalence of PTSD among survivors of GBV is crucial for understanding the factors that contribute to its development. To assess the prevalence of PTSD among survivors living in selected safe houses within the Sidama region of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 84 female survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) from three safe houses. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, which included the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The findings revealed a PTSD prevalence rate of 66.7% among these survivors (95% confidence interval (CI) 56.4–77.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors that are significantly associated with an increased likelihood of developing PTSD. Notably, GBV survivors without formal education exhibited an adjusted odds ratio (AOR = 18.62, 95% CI 1.42–24.48) as compared to educated. Additionally, the presence of depressive symptoms was linked (AOR = 10.19, 95% CI 1.15–90.42). Furthermore, severe anxiety symptoms were linked to a higher likelihood of developing PTSD (AOR = 13.77, 95% CI 1.15, 164.74). These findings highlight the urgent need for effective PTSD treatment for GBV survivors living in safe house within the study region. Improving mental health support services, enhancing the capacities of safe houses, and fostering collaboration with mental health organizations are essential steps to address this critical issue.