Social, Clinical, and Behavior Determinants of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify social, clinical, and behavior factors associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Indonesia. DESIGN: This study used a secondary data from Indonesia Health Survey (Survei Kesehatan Indonesia or SKI) 2023 to address health factors related to DM. SAMPLE: We selected 27,605 individuals aged ≥ 15 years old. MEASUREMENT: A logistic regression was used to test the factors related with DM. RESULTS: The study showed most patients with DM were aged ≥ 55 years (49.17%), elementary school education (37.16%), living in urban area (62.41%), unemployed (37.79%), and wealthier quintile (24.12%). Determinant factors that demonstrate higher risk of DM were older age (AOR: 11.24, 95% CI: 7.73, 16.36), ≥ 150 mg/dL triglycerides level (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.29, 1.65), ≥ 200 mg/dL cholesterol level (AOR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.35, 1.73), and ≥ 2 days per week fruit consumption (AOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.33). People with physical activity habits had a lower to develop DM (AOR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.82). CONCLUSION: This study indicates social, clinical, and behavior factors contribute to develop DM. Increasing public health strategies through comprehensive health education, lifestyle, and behavior changes are required to decrease the increasing prevalence of DM in Indonesia.