A novel framework for analysing gamification practices and research in manufacturing

This paper introduces a structured analytical framework for examining the application of gamification in manufacturing environments, understood as the deliberate use of game-design elements to influence operators’ motivation. The framework is based on a set of key dimensions that capture the functional and experiential aspects of gamified systems. Such dimensions are grouped into 5 macro-categories: context relevance, gamification design, implementation features, outcome assessment and societal impact. The framework is tested using a curated selection of selected peer-reviewed empirical studies, which allows for the identification of recurring design patterns, critical gaps, and underutilised opportunities. To further structure these insights, the paper reinterprets the MDA (Mechanics-Dynamics-Aesthetics) framework reference in the context of manufacturing, proposing design guidelines tailored to industrial applications. The analysis reveals a dominant emphasis on performance-driven mechanics, such as point systems, feedback loops, and progression, while dynamic user experiences and aesthetic engagement are less developed. In addition to the analytical contribution, this study provides practical advice for designers and practitioners looking to implement gamification in industrial settings. The framework can also be used as a reference to identify the critical aspects to consider when developing human-centred gamification strategies for manufacturing.