DAG — Gravity Sector: Linearised Perturbation Equations on a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker Background

We derive the linearised field equations for scalar and diagonal tracelessperturbations of a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) background in DirectionalAnisotropy Gravity (DAG). Expanding the minimal four-parameter Lagrangian(anisotropy fields Ā_k, memory field M, induced metric g_{μν}(Ā)) to firstorder around the homogeneous isotropic background, we obtain: (a) areduced-sector linearised system for the trace-mode perturbationΔ ≡ Σ_k δĀ_k, the memory perturbation δM, and matter (δ_m, θ_m), in whichthe metric back-reaction is shown to be a computable linear functional of Δ(guaranteeing algebraic closure) but whose explicit coefficients are not fullyevaluated; (b) an independent wave equation for the two diagonal traceless"breathing" modes h_k (Σ_k h_k = 0), which propagate at the metric null cone.Two structural features distinguish DAG from standard scalar-tensor perturbationtheory. First, the scalar metric perturbations Ψ and Φ are algebraically tiedthrough the induced metric, yielding a fixed gravitational-slip relationη_slip = 1 − ln A, which reduces to η_slip = 1 (general relativity withoutanisotropic stress) at A → 1. Second, in the sub-horizon regime the Poissonequation recovers the standard Newtonian form with G_eff = G, and themodified-gravity parameters become μ_DAG = 1/(1−ln A) and Σ_DAG = (2−ln A)/[2(1−ln A)], both reducing to unity at A → 1. These are conditionalconsequences of the reduced-sector derivation, testable in principle by currentand near-future surveys (Euclid, LSST, DESI); a definitive comparison with datarequires Boltzmann integration. The derivation is conditional on five statedapproximations (minimal coupling, diagonal ansatz, longitudinal gauge,linearisation, slow roll).

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-04-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19605780
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
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article

DAG — Gravity Sector: Linearised Perturbation Equations on a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker Background

Emilio Orione
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

DAG — Gravity Sector: Linearised Perturbation Equations on a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker Background

Emilio Orione
article en

Abstract

We derive the linearised field equations for scalar and diagonal tracelessperturbations of a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) background in DirectionalAnisotropy Gravity (DAG). Expanding the minimal four-parameter Lagrangian(anisotropy fields Ā_k, memory field M, induced metric g_{μν}(Ā)) to firstorder around the homogeneous isotropic background, we obtain: (a) areduced-sector linearised system for the trace-mode perturbationΔ ≡ Σ_k δĀ_k, the memory perturbation δM, and matter (δ_m, θ_m), in whichthe metric back-reaction is shown to be a computable linear functional of Δ(guaranteeing algebraic closure) but whose explicit coefficients are not fullyevaluated; (b) an independent wave equation for the two diagonal traceless"breathing" modes h_k (Σ_k h_k = 0), which propagate at the metric null cone.Two structural features distinguish DAG from standard scalar-tensor perturbationtheory. First, the scalar metric perturbations Ψ and Φ are algebraically tiedthrough the induced metric, yielding a fixed gravitational-slip relationη_slip = 1 − ln A, which reduces to η_slip = 1 (general relativity withoutanisotropic stress) at A → 1. Second, in the sub-horizon regime the Poissonequation recovers the standard Newtonian form with G_eff = G, and themodified-gravity parameters become μ_DAG = 1/(1−ln A) and Σ_DAG = (2−ln A)/[2(1−ln A)], both reducing to unity at A → 1. These are conditionalconsequences of the reduced-sector derivation, testable in principle by currentand near-future surveys (Euclid, LSST, DESI); a definitive comparison with datarequires Boltzmann integration. The derivation is conditional on five statedapproximations (minimal coupling, diagonal ansatz, longitudinal gauge,linearisation, slow roll).

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
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Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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