Surgical management of a life-threatening cervical esophageal duplication cyst in a 5-day-old neonate: a case report

Introduction: Esophageal duplication cysts (EDCs) are rare congenital foregut anomalies. Cervical EDCs are exceptionally rare and can cause life-threatening respiratory distress in neonates due to mass effect on the pliable trachea. Case presentation: A 5-day-old male neonate presented with a right-sided cervical mass and progressive respiratory distress. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a well-defined, non-communicating cystic lesion at the cervicothoracic inlet. The patient underwent complete surgical excision. Discussion: This case highlights a cervical EDC, a distinctly rare variant. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach, emphasizing precise preoperative imaging and complete surgical excision, aligns with the standard of care for such foregut anomalies and resulted in a full recovery. Conclusion: Cervical EDCs, though extremely rare, are a critical differential for neonatal respiratory compromise. Complete surgical excision is the definitive and curative treatment, as demonstrated in this case. Heightened awareness of this entity is crucial for timely management.