Exploring Quality of Life After Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights from the PEO Model

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health concern, affecting millions of people each year. TBI often results in long-term physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments that can drastically reduce survivors' quality of life (QOL). These impairments influence daily activities, emotional well-being, social participation, and overall life satisfaction, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation. This study seeks to provide deeper insights into the factors that influence the QOL for TBI survivors. Methods: This research employed a phenomenological qualitative approach to understand how survivors navigate their post injury lives. Fourteen TBI survivors, aged 18 to 65, were interviewed, and data was analyzed using a multi-stage coding process, integrating theoretical triangulation with AI-assisted analysis for robust theme identification. Results: Using the constructs from the PEO model, four themes emerged: (a) personal factors, (b) environmental factors, (c) occupational factors, and (d) dynamics of QOL. Conclusion: Key findings highlight the complex, multifaceted nature of QOL following TBI, identifying major personal, environmental, and occupational challenges that either support or hinder their QOL. The study emphasizes the importance of tailored, person-centered rehabilitation strategies that address physical, cognitive, and environmental barriers. This study provides critical insights into enhancing occupational therapy interventions and improving long-term outcomes for TBI survivors. The findings underscore the need for holistic care approaches to enhance the QOL and independence in this population.