Lactobacillus crispatus attenuates Escherichia coli-induced inflammation and migration of cervical cancer cells

Comprehensive research has indicated that Lactobacillus, serving as the predominant bacterial genus in the female reproductive tract, effectively restrains pathogenic microorganisms and plays a vital role in upholding urogenital health. In the present study, Lactobacillus crispatus, a pivotal species within the Lactobacillus genus, was chosen to explore its antibacterial mechanisms against Escherichia coli and the molecular pathways implicated in alleviating the progression of cervical cancer complicated by Escherichia coli infection. Lactobacillus crispatus manifested notable inhibitory effects on the growth of Escherichia coli, with an average inhibition zone diameter of 23.86 ± 0.41 mm. The principal active agents accountable for this antimicrobial activity were ascertained to be viable Lactobacillus crispatus cells. Moreover, Lactobacillus crispatus significantly curbed the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli. Remarkably, Escherichia coli infection induced ferroptosis, exacerbated inflammatory responses, and promoted migratory capacity in human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and C-33A. In contrast, Lactobacillus crispatus treatment effectively attenuated Escherichia coli–induced ferroptosis, inflammation, and cell migration in human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and C-33A. As a microbial homeostasis regulator, Lactobacillus crispatus not only suppresses the growth of Escherichia coli but also improves the migratory potential of cervical cancer cells in the context of Escherichia coli infection, thus contributing to the preservation of female reproductive system health.