Geographic and Climatic Effects on Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Diversity of Saccharum arundinaceum and Leucaena leucocephala Silage

(62.69%). These results revealed significant variations in fermentation characteristics and microbial community structure of the same plant species across different geographical regions. The Mantel-test network heatmap analysis demonstrated that longitude, latitude, altitude, precipitation, and relative humidity were identified as influential factors shaping silage microbial communities, with latitude being the most important geographical factor influencing silage microbiota. In conclusion, these findings highlight the critical need for region-specific adaptation of silage production strategies, particularly in response to latitudinal variations, to accommodate local environmental conditions, even when processing identical plant species.