Multi-site surveillance of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus vector Haemaphysalis longicornis across diverse locations in Korea and evaluation of cinnamaldehyde-derived vector-control agents

values (1.89/4.76/9.56 μg/mL), interpreted as descriptive outcomes rather than potency rankings. Cinnamaldehyde inhibited AChE in vitro and in vivo, while ECOD and α-/β-esterase activities decreased and glutathione S-transferase remained unchanged, indicating an acute generalized stress response and/or direct suppression of detoxification enzymes rather than upregulation of resistance-related detoxification pathways. These parallel investigations provide ecological context and laboratory evidence but remain independent; laboratory results cannot be extrapolated to field performance across the surveillance.