Mechanism Design for Networked Capacity Allocation: A Graph Game Approach in Service-Oriented Manufacturing

In an era of rapid technological change and complex industrial organization, strategic decision-making in service-oriented manufacturing (SOM) is increasingly critical. This study addresses the challenge of optimizing capacity sharing networks — where unpredictable collaborations and multi-dimensional uncertainties impede efficiency. The study develops a novel bi-layer network model grounded in graph game theory and hesitant fuzzy sets. This framework formulates capacity sharing as a dynamic game featuring strategic attachment mechanisms, where hesitant fuzzy operators adeptly capture the vagueness in partnership evaluations. A case study based on Haier’s industrial practice demonstrates that the model fosters a self-organizing core–periphery network structure. The results show significant improvements in resource circulation efficiency and network synergy. This study provides an intelligent, analytically rigorous governance framework that equips decision-makers to navigate uncertainty and enhance collaborative outcomes in modern industrial ecosystems.