Consequences of Western and Mediterranean Diets’ Nutrients on the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis

: Diet is a major factor influencing the gut microbiota, and consequently, also putatively systemic mechanisms through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Indeed, the composition of the diet is crucial for health and disease. Despite the main role of diet, the physiological, cellular, or molecular mechanisms involved in the complex communication between the microbiome, gut, and brain are still poorly understood.