Fabrication of Bifunctional Nanofibers by Conjugate Bubble Electrospinning for Effective Wound Healing

ABSTRACT Effective wound healing requires multifunctional materials capable of simultaneously managing exudates, preventing microbial infections, and promoting tissue regeneration. In this study, we report the fabrication of bifunctional Janus nanofibers via a novel conjugate bubble electrospinning technique that integrates hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer phases into a single fiber architecture. Hydrophilic domains composed of polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA ) blended with chitosan ( CS ) or sodium alginate ( SA ) were combined with hydrophobic poly(ε‐caprolactone) ( PCL ) or polyvinylidene fluoride ( PVDF ) matrices, encapsulating curcumin or rutin as bioactive agents. The resulting nanofibers exhibited distinct phase interfaces, high structural integrity, and tunable wettability and drug release behavior. Comprehensive characterization revealed enhanced antibacterial activity, exudate absorption capacity, and cytocompatibility in Janus systems compared to mono‐structured controls. In vitro drug release studies confirmed sustained and polymer‐selective delivery profiles, while in vivo wound healing using a full‐thickness rat model demonstrated accelerated tissue regeneration. Notably, PSA / PCRu nanofibers achieved a 95.2% wound closure rate within 15 days, outperforming all other groups due to synergistic moisture regulation and bioactive delivery. This work establishes conjugate bubble electrospinning as a scalable platform for producing multifunctional nanofibrous wound dressings, offering a promising strategy for the next generation of personalized, bioactive wound care materials.