The Potential of Landscape Plants Photinia × fraseri and Pittosporum tobira as Refuge for Natural Enemies of Pest Insects in Rice–Wheat Rotation Systems

have cross-cycle potential as a "natural enemy bank" in rice-wheat rotation agricultural systems. Their synergistic effects-integrating stable structural shelter with seasonal nutritional subsidies-support the conservation of diverse natural enemy communities throughout the annual crop cycle and significantly enhance the sustained pest control capacity of farmland ecosystems, identifying them as exemplary functional plants for ecological engineering in rice-wheat landscapes and providing a foundation for future studies on biological control efficacy.