Local Community Participation as Both a Catalyst and an Outcome of Sustainable Tourism Development

Local community participation is an essential factor in the success and sustainability of a tourist destination. Nevertheless, the success of the destination itself is a predictor that determines community participation. The research employs social exchange theory to analyze the circular process between economic impact and community participation in "Rimba dan Budaya" destinations in West Kalimantan. The research utilized a qualitative case study approach. Data sources comprised in-depth interviews with officials from the Department of Youth, Sports, and Tourism in West Kalimantan Province and insights from local community members. The study also incorporated field observations and relevant documentation. Data analysis was conducted through three stages: data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this study show that local communities in West Kalimantan are not tied to tourism activities as part of economic fulfillment. This explains the macro context of why community participation tends to be low towards the development of 'Rimba and Budaya' tourism. This study reveals several cases demonstrating how community participation in tourism is influenced by the economic benefits it brings to local people and communities. The engagement of the local community is crucial for the sustainability of tourism. Consequently, local community participation is a contributing factor and a result of successful tourism development.