WIMP/FIMP dark matter and primordial black holes with memory burden effect

The lifetime of primordial black holes (PBHs), which formed in the early universe, can be extended by the memory burden effect. Light PBHs may exist today and be candidates for dark matter (DM). We assume that DM is made of thermally produced weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), WIMPs produced via the Hawking radiation of PBHs, and PBHs that survived Hawking evaporation via the memory burden effect. Feebly interacting massive particles (FIMPs) are alternatives to WIMPs. Focusing on parameter regions where thermal production dominates and PBHs never dominate the energy density of the Universe, we identify a sufficient condition under which DM particles emitted from PBHs do not thermalize with the thermal bath. In this regime, the total DM relic abundance can be consistently obtained as the sum of the three components. In addition, we show that the contribution from gravitational freeze-in via graviton exchange remains subdominant within the parameter space considered.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
International Journal of Modern Physics A
Published
2026-04-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x26500934
Primary Topic
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

WIMP/FIMP dark matter and primordial black holes with memory burden effect

Teruyuki Kitabayashi, Amane Takeshita
International Journal of Modern Physics A
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
article

WIMP/FIMP dark matter and primordial black holes with memory burden effect

Teruyuki Kitabayashi, Amane Takeshita
article en

Abstract

The lifetime of primordial black holes (PBHs), which formed in the early universe, can be extended by the memory burden effect. Light PBHs may exist today and be candidates for dark matter (DM). We assume that DM is made of thermally produced weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), WIMPs produced via the Hawking radiation of PBHs, and PBHs that survived Hawking evaporation via the memory burden effect. Feebly interacting massive particles (FIMPs) are alternatives to WIMPs. Focusing on parameter regions where thermal production dominates and PBHs never dominate the energy density of the Universe, we identify a sufficient condition under which DM particles emitted from PBHs do not thermalize with the thermal bath. In this regime, the total DM relic abundance can be consistently obtained as the sum of the three components. In addition, we show that the contribution from gravitational freeze-in via graviton exchange remains subdominant within the parameter space considered.

International Journal of Modern Physics A
Twitter (United States) (US)
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 16%
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.