Quality of Life After Radical Cystectomy: Meta-analysis of Neobladder and Ileal Conduit Outcomes Across Multiple Assessment Tools

Background and objective: Radical cystectomy (RC) requires urinary diversion, commonly orthotopic neobladder (ONB) or ileal conduit (IC). While ONB preserves natural voiding, IC is technically simpler. This study aimed to compare long-term (>12 mo) quality of life (QoL) outcomes between ONB and IC to aid preoperative shared decision-making. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to September 15, 2025. We included studies comparing ONB and IC in adults with follow-up >12 mo. Heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessed bias, and Review Manager v5.4 was used for analysis. Key findings and limitations: = 0.02; positive value indicates higher score in IC). Heterogeneity among studies was moderate to high. Meta-regression indicated geographic location and tumor characteristics influenced heterogeneity. Limitations include observational design and potential selection bias. Conclusions and clinical implications: ONB reconstruction is associated with higher overall QoL scores, while IC is associated with higher urinary scores. These findings represent clinical trade-offs rather than superiority. Surgical selection should be individualized, balancing patient preference for body image against the risk of functional management challenge.