A Rare Presentation of a Postauricular Dermoid Cyst: A Case Report and Literature Review

Dermoid cysts are rare congenital lesions composed of ectodermal and mesodermal elements, typically developing along embryonic fusion lines. They account for about 7% of cysts in the head and neck region, although they are uncommon in the postauricular area. This is a case of a 19-year-old male presenting with right postauricular swelling for one year. Computed tomography demonstrated a well-defined subcutaneous cyst without intracranial extension. A complete surgical excision was performed, and histopathological analysis confirmed a dermoid cyst. Postauricular dermoid cysts present a diagnostic challenge due to their rarity and similarity to other soft-tissue swellings such as epidermoid cysts or lipomas. Computed tomography is a valuable radiological study used to assess lesion extent and exclude intracranial involvement. However, the definitive diagnosis is established through histopathological examination following surgical excision. Complete surgical excision of the cyst and its capsule prevents recurrence and ensures an excellent outcome. Postauricular dermoid cysts are exceptionally rare lesions. Complete surgical excision is both diagnostic and therapeutic and is associated with an excellent prognosis.