Leveraging piezo-augmented copper-induced bacterial death of sub-1 nm CuO-SrTiO3-x heterojunction nanosheets for osteomyelitis eradication

redox cycling, which enables sustained hydroxyl radicals supply via Fenton-like reactions. The US-driven piezocatalytic action simultaneously enhances bacterial membrane permeability, facilitating intracellular copper overload and thereby triggering copper-induced metabolic toxicity in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Subsequent release of bioactive Cu and Sr ions from Cu-STO NSs significantly upregulates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. In rat osteomyelitis, Cu-STO NSs achieve efficient bacterial eradication while stimulating on-demand bone regeneration. This work thus presents a non-invasive, spatiotemporal controlled copper-induced bacterial death strategy that concurrently addresses antibacterial and osteogenic challenges in infected bone regeneration.