NITYA SEVANIYA DRAVYAS- A CRITICAL REVIEW

Introduction- Drugs are not only utilized for therapeutic purposes but also function as dietary components and nutritional supplements. According to Ayurvedic principles, digested food is classified into Saara Bhaga (nutritive essence) and Kitta Bhaga (waste). The former nourishes body tissues, while the latter is eliminated. Herbs containing volatile principles play an important role in enhancing digestion, metabolism, and overall health. Methods- This study is based on a conceptual review of Ayurvedic texts and modern physiological understanding of digestion. The role of volatile principle containing herbs commonly used in daily diet such as Haridra, Maricha, Shunthi, Twak, Sarshapa, Lashuna, Tila, Methika, Dhanyaka, Jeeraka, Lavanga, and Lanka was analyzed in relation to digestive processes and pharmacological actions. Results-Protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin (active at pH 2-3), converting proteins into proteoses and peptones. Further digestion occurs in the duodenum and jejunum through pancreatic enzymes like trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase, producing peptides and amino acids. Enterocytic peptidases complete the process, converting about 99% of di- and tripeptides into absorbable amino acids. Fat digestion starts minimally in the stomach via lingual lipase and continues in the intestine. The studied herbs predominantly exhibit Katu Rasa, Katu Vipaka, and Ushna Virya, along with Laghu, Ruksha, and Tikshna properties. Their volatile constituents demonstrate significant pharmacological activities. Discussion-The integration of these herbs into daily diet supports digestion and metabolism through both Ayurvedic and biochemical mechanisms. Their volatile principles enhance enzymatic activity and exhibit antipyretic, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, appetizer, and anti lipidemic effects. Thus, these dietary drugs contribute to maintaining physiological balance and promoting overall health, validating their dual role as both food and medicine.