Perioperative Interventions Based on Fasting Protocols and Carbohydrate Loading in Non-Cardiac Surgery in Older Adults: A Scoping Review

: Available evidence suggests that perioperative fasting protocols and preoperative carbohydrate loading may influence metabolic and inflammatory responses related to postoperative neurocognitive outcomes in older adults. However, evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating, highlighting the need for well-designed trials assessing neurocognitive outcomes in geriatric surgical populations.