Defect-Induced Nanoporous MgO Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks for Rapid and Efficient Removal of Dye

/g), well-developed mesoporosity of pore sizes (4-8 nm), and abundant oxygen-vacancy-related defects. These structural advantages endow MgO-N with an exceptional adsorption capacity for Congo red (3882.7 mg/g) and rapid adsorption kinetics, surpassing both the control sample and most previously reported adsorbents. The enhanced adsorption performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of electrostatic attraction, coordination interactions, hydrogen bonding, and pore filling. Furthermore, the material demonstrates an excellent cycling stability and structural integrity. This defect strategy offers an effective approach to overcoming the performance limitations of MgO adsorbents and showcases broad application potential in the advanced treatment of organic dye-containing wastewater.