Improving social inclusion of female migrants: a randomised controlled intervention in Spain

Abstract This study evaluates the impact of a randomised controlled intervention that provided psychosocial supports and digital skills training to socially excluded female migrants living in Murcia, Spain. The participants were also beneficiaries of the Minimum Basic Income Scheme. Our causal estimation shows that the programme significantly improves participants’ knowledge of community resources, use of social support networks, digital skills, and mental well-being. However, we do not observe any effects on employment or labour-market participation, based on both survey responses and administrative records. These findings suggest that non-financial interventions can enhance social inclusion and personal well-being, even if they do not directly improve labour market outcomes in the short run.