The effect of inspiratory muscle training on dysfunctional breathing and functional ability in patients with chronic heart failure. A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

<ns5:p> Background The prevalence of respiratory disorders and abnormal breathing pattern caused by inspiratory muscle weakness is increasing among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) leading to a decline in functional status. The study aims to evaluate the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on dysfunctional breathing and functional ability in patients with CHF. Methods Patients with stable heart failure (n = 22), who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to two groups and receive 20 treatment sessions: (a) the experimental group (IMT &amp; diaphragmatic breathing (DB), n = 11), and (b) the control group (DB, n = 11). Evaluation of treatment outcomes will be conducted at the beginning (week 0), and at the end (week 4) of the intervention. The main outcomes include dysfunctional breathing (Hi Lo test), diaphragm thickness (diaphragmatic ultrasonography) and functional ability (6MWT). Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), functional dyspnea (MRC) and quality of life (SF-12 v2) will be assessed as secondary outcomes. Discussion The study protocol aims to examine the effectiveness of IMT on dysfunctional breathing and functional ability in patients with CHF. IMT is a low-cost intervention that might improve the breathing pattern, diaphragm function, functional ability and overall quality of life in patients with CHF. Conclusion This trial will investigate the effects of IMT on breathing pattern, diaphragm function and functional ability in patients with CHF, aiming to address a significant gap in respiratory management of breathing disorders. <ns5:bold>Trial Registration:</ns5:bold> Clinical Trials gov, <ns5:bold>Trial id:</ns5:bold> NCT07104357 https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/beta/studies/S000FZMT00000081/recordSummary </ns5:p>