Efficacy of Plant‐Derived Therapies for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

= 92%). Adverse effects were infrequent, mild in severity, and resolved upon discontinuation of the intervention. Overall, the certainty of evidence is low to very low due to high heterogeneity and moderate risk of bias. Plant-based treatments may reduce pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea and are probably comparable to conventional drug therapies. However, further studies employing more rigorous methodologies are required to establish stronger evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine in addressing this health condition.