Families' perception of safety on school pathways

Children's independent mobility is essential for fostering autonomy, participation, and inclusion in urban spaces. However, many families remain reluctant to allow their children to walk to school alone, often citing safety concerns. This study examines parental perceptions of urban safety and its influence on children's mobility autonomy. A questionnaire was administered to 97 families in Leioa (Bizkaia, Spain), gathering demographic data, school travel habits, and open-ended responses on perceived safety. The responses were analysed using the Reinert method in Iramuteq, revealing six distinct thematic classes. Four classes highlighted key safety concerns: “Poor road safety for pedestrians,” “Low police presence,” “Roads passing through the town,” and “Poor lighting.” The remaining two classes reflected contrasting perspectives: “T Perceived neighbourhood safety “ and “ Perceived safety-enhancing strategies.” These findings underscore the need for safer, more inclusive urban environments that encourage children's active mobility. The study aligns with the Eskolabideak [School Pathways] project, which promotes healthier, participatory, and inclusive learning environments across 16 municipalities. To enhance children's independent mobility, initiatives must combine urban planning improvements with awareness campaigns targeting families. By addressing safety concerns and fostering a cultural shift towards active mobility, communities can create more child-friendly public spaces, contributing to broader social transformation. • The study explores parental reluctance to let children walk to school autonomously. • Questionnaire data from 97 families was analized • Findings reveal the need for safer, inclusive, walkable environments for children. • Creating safe routes can help reduce perceived risks and foster community involvement. • The study emphasizes walking to school as a catalyst for social transformation