A framework for assessing the environmental safety of wastewater treated by advanced oxidation processes based on species sensitivity distribution

) were still exceeded, even after dilution. For agricultural reuse, terrestrial SSDs showed no phytotoxic risks. While AOPs reduced acute ecotoxicity, optimization remains essential to address chronic toxicity and ensure sustainable wastewater reuse and discharge, even when meeting the 80% micropollutants removal target (EU Directive 2024/3019). The proposed framework applies the One Health approach to evaluate treated municipal wastewater safety through SSD approach considering chronic toxicity risks, supporting the selection of appropriate aquatic and terrestrial test-organisms, and regulatory compliance.