Single-nucleus brain transcriptomics reveals microglia dysfunction in multiple system atrophy
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, age-related neurodegenerative disease that shares clinical and pathological features with Parkinson's disease (PD) but presents a more devastating disease course. To elucidate the distinct cellular pathophysiology, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on postmortem striatal brain tissue from 7 MSA and 12 PD patients, and 10 non-neurological cases. Here, we show significant compositional differences in astroglia and microglia subtypes, while oligodendroglia and neurons are comparable. PD brains show abundant microglia expressing MHC class II HLA haplotypes, indicative of a proinflammatory state, alongside more homeostatic astrocytes. In contrast, MSA lack activated microglia but has more reactive astrocytes compared to PD. Transcriptomic analysis suggests compromised oligodendrocyte signaling in MSA, with microglia being in a state of immune tolerance or exhaustion. Microglia derived from iPSC exposed to patient cerebrospinal fluid exhibit reduced phagocytic activity, especially in MSA. These findings underscore a dysfunctional immune response in MSA as a potential contributor to the more severe pathophysiology of MSA.
Authors
- Andrea Asenjo-Martínez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-5947)
- Susana Aznar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-6246)
- Henriette Haukedal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-095X)
- Rasmus Rydbirk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-7533)
- Sára Bech (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3991-5238)
- Abhisek Mukherjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-3249)
- Lisette Salvesen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6375-5764)
- Camila Gherardelli
- Jonas Folke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3098)
- Justyna Okarmus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-6553)
- Sanne S. Kaalund (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8975-1825)
- Adam T. Szafran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-2378)
- Konstantin V. Khodosevich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7232-5558)
- Irene Lisa Vargas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9861-6668)
- Claudio Soto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-0524)
- Tomasz Brudek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-1817)
- Frederik N. F. Sørensen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7018-0690)
- Michael A. Mancini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4862-1944)
- Kristine Freude
- Peter Kharchenko
- Morten Meyer
- Oline Chantell Hollmann
- Simone McGarry
- Sofia Sepulveda
Institutions
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Frederiksberg Hospital (DK)
- Odense University Hospital (DK)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2026-04-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71525-6
- Primary Topic
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Lundbeckfonden