Case Report: A rare case of primary graft failure after autologous stem cell transplant for mantle cell lymphoma rescued with darbepoetin, eltrombopag, and cyclosporine

We present a case of successful rescue of primary graft failure following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) in mantle cell lymphoma using a combination of darbepoetin, eltrombopag, and cyclosporine. Primary graft failure is a rare but serious complication of HSCT that may lead to life-threatening infections, bleeding, and increased overall morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanisms of graft failure in autoHSCT are not well elucidated, and management options are often limited to autologous stem cell boost or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Our case highlights the use of a combination of darbepoetin, eltrombopag, and cyclosporine as a potential novel multipronged strategy for rescuing primary graft failure following autoHSCT.