Ion trap membrane with confined bind-jump strategy for high-efficiency direct lithium extraction

-1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol-tris(4-aminophenyl)amine/polyacrylonitrile membrane exhibited high lithium ion/sodium ion selectivity (>320) and lithium ion permeance (~143 millimoles per square meter per hour) under electrodialysis, outperforming leading membranes. The membrane also showed stable performance over 10 cycles. This work demonstrates a scalable strategy combining thermodynamic and kinetic modulation for efficient lithium ion extraction from complex brines.