All-dielectric Jones matrix metasurfaces for generating perfect vector vortex beams in polarization-resolved surface detection

Vector vortex beams (VVBs), which simultaneously carry spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), exhibit spatially varying polarization distributions dependent on the azimuthal angle. These properties make VVBs highly valuable in advanced optical applications, particularly in polarization-resolved sensing and Light Detection and Ranging systems, where they enable directional surface detection. However, conventional VVBs generated by superimposing vortex beams with differing topological charges suffer from beam radius dependence on the charge number and structural instability during propagation, limiting their practical utility. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of perfect vector vortex beams (PVVBs) using a fully dielectric Jones matrix metasurface platform based on phase-only modulation. Unlike conventional vortex beams, PVVBs feature a charge-independent beam radius, offering enhanced stability and uniformity. By designing a series of single-layer Jones matrix metasurfaces operating at 973 nm, we realize the emission of radially and azimuthally polarized PVVBs. Moreover, by integrating perfect vortex phase profiles with additional functional phase distributions, we generate advanced structured light fields, including PVVB arrays and holographic PVVBs. These metasurface-generated beams provide robust, compact, and tunable vector light sources, opening new opportunities for integration into miniaturized polarization-resolved sensing systems and high-precision optical manipulation platforms, expanding the potential application range of polarization-resolved surface orientation sensing systems and micro-manipulation systems.