Comparative analysis of antibacterial and antioxidant properties as well as phytochemical compositions of Moringa oleifera gum, flower, and fruit and Elaeocarpus augustifolius leaf and bark, synergistic with Pleurotus membranaceus

This study was designed to steadily investigate the phytochemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts of Pleurotus membranaceus, Moringa oleifera, and Elaeocarpus angustifolius. The research focuses on estimating their inhibitory effects against selected pathogenic microorganisms, measuring their free DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and identifying the major bioactive compounds responsible for these biological activities. Furthermore, the study aims to explore the possible therapeutic relevance of these natural extracts as substitute agents for managing oxidative stress and combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Ethanolic extracts were prepared from six sources: PM, MOG, MOFL, MOFR, EAL, and EAB. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, and Proteus mirabilis using MIC, MBC, and broth turbidity assays. Antioxidant activity was assessed via the DPPH assay (25–250 mg/mL). Phytochemicals were identified using biochemical tests, TLC, Paper Chromatography, and GC-MS. All extracts exhibited antibacterial properties, notably against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Strong dose-dependent antioxidant activity was observed. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolics was confirmed by phytochemical screening. GC-MS revealed a wide range of compounds: MOFL (92), MOFR (78), EAB (75), EAL (49), PM (47), MOG (20). Optimal TLC solvent system: ethyl acetate: methanol: water (18:15:5). These extracts exhibit significant antibacterial and antioxidant attributes, supported by diverse bioactive compounds. They hold strong potential for use in pharmaceuticals, Antibacterial coatings, and treatments for resistant infections.