Exploring Influences on Subjective Physical Health Status Among Multicultural Children in Early Adolescence in South Korea: Using MAPS 2nd Phase Data

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to identify the multilevel factors influencing the subjective physical health of multicultural adolescents in South Korea, using the Rainbow Model of social determinants of health. METHODS: Waves 1-3 of the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS), second phase were analyzed using a random-effects ordered logistic regression. RESULTS: In the final adjusted model, individual psychological resources were the most robust predictors; higher self-esteem and life satisfaction significantly increased the odds of superior health. Social networks played a critical role, with parental support and peer support acting as protective factors, while bullying severity and higher body mass index were significant risk factors. Among sociocultural factors, positive bicultural acceptance attitudes and specific residential regions remained statistically significant. DISCUSSION: The physical health status of multicultural adolescents are influenced by multiple factors, including individual hereditary and lifestyle factors; social and community networks; living and working conditions; and broader socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental contexts.