A gem system with a lava world and a habitable zone sub-Neptune orbiting TOI–1752

ABSTRACT The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has delivered a large number of transiting planet candidates around nearby stars by identifying periodic decreases in stellar brightness. Establishing the planetary nature of these signals and determining their fundamental properties is a necessary step towards detailed studies of their internal structure, atmospheres, and formation pathways. In this work, we investigate the planetary nature of the TOI–1752 system (M1 V, $103.02\pm 0.34$ pc), which hosts two TESS candidates: TOI–1752 b, a short-period object consistent with a lava-world scenario, and TOI–1752 c, a sub-Neptune-size planet candidate located in the optimistic habitable zone. We obtained ground-based multicolour photometric follow-up observations of TOI–1752, which we combined with TESS photometry to assess the nature of both signals. We performed a formal statistical validation using the TRICERATOPS framework, while independently vetting the candidates with the neural-network-based classifier WATSON-Net, which provides a machine-learning assessment of their planetary likelihood based on light-curve morphology, centroid diagnostics, and auxiliary vetting features. We validate TOI–1752 b as a bona fide planet with a radius of $1.69\pm 0.07\, R_{\oplus }$ and an orbital period of $0.935186^{+0.000001}_{-0.000002}$ d, and TOI–1752 c with a radius of $2.29^{+0.13}_{-0.14}\, R_{\oplus }$ and an orbital period of $32.7144\pm 0.0004$ d. The combined analysis confirms TOI–1752 as a new planetary system, places TOI–1752 c within the optimistic habitable zone of its host star, and identifies TOI–1752 b as a promising target for atmospheric characterization, with an estimated emission spectroscopy metric of up to $\sim 8$.

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Journal
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published
2026-04-15
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag713
Primary Topic
Astro and Planetary Science
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

A gem system with a lava world and a habitable zone sub-Neptune orbiting TOI–1752

Benjamin V. Rackham, M. Gillon, Khalid Barkaoui, M Lendl et al.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Astro and Planetary Science
article

A gem system with a lava world and a habitable zone sub-Neptune orbiting TOI–1752

Benjamin V. Rackham, M. Gillon, Khalid Barkaoui, M Lendl, A Burdanov, A B Savel, S Geraldía-González, T Gan, F Murgas, K Kawauchi, B-O Demory, D Queloz, N Narita, G Morello, E Pallé, J Korth, Y Gómez Maqueo Chew, S Giacalone, C Stockdale, M Centenera-Merino, J Livingston, M Dévora-Pajares, F J Pozuelos, A H M J Triaud, U Schroffenegger, N Morales, J L Ortiz, L Gkouvelis, Y Calatayud-Borras, R P Schwarz, M Pichardo Marcano, P J Amado, I Plauchu-Frayn, R Varas, H Parviainen, D Rapetti, J Flores, D R Ciardi, J Saito, A Peláez-Torres, A Khandelwal, K A Collins, J Aceituno, M Serra-Ricart, E Esparza-Borges, J de Wit, A Sánchez-López, Z Parlapani, J P de Leon, F Zong Lang
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has delivered a large number of transiting planet candidates around nearby stars by identifying periodic decreases in stellar brightness. Establishing the planetary nature of these signals and determining their fundamental properties is a necessary step towards detailed studies of their internal structure, atmospheres, and formation pathways. In this work, we investigate the planetary nature of the TOI–1752 system (M1 V, $103.02\pm 0.34$ pc), which hosts two TESS candidates: TOI–1752 b, a short-period object consistent with a lava-world scenario, and TOI–1752 c, a sub-Neptune-size planet candidate located in the optimistic habitable zone. We obtained ground-based multicolour photometric follow-up observations of TOI–1752, which we combined with TESS photometry to assess the nature of both signals. We performed a formal statistical validation using the TRICERATOPS framework, while independently vetting the candidates with the neural-network-based classifier WATSON-Net, which provides a machine-learning assessment of their planetary likelihood based on light-curve morphology, centroid diagnostics, and auxiliary vetting features. We validate TOI–1752 b as a bona fide planet with a radius of $1.69\pm 0.07\, R_{\oplus }$ and an orbital period of $0.935186^{+0.000001}_{-0.000002}$ d, and TOI–1752 c with a radius of $2.29^{+0.13}_{-0.14}\, R_{\oplus }$ and an orbital period of $32.7144\pm 0.0004$ d. The combined analysis confirms TOI–1752 as a new planetary system, places TOI–1752 c within the optimistic habitable zone of its host star, and identifies TOI–1752 b as a promising target for atmospheric characterization, with an estimated emission spectroscopy metric of up to $\sim 8$.

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical SocietyVol. 548(3)
University of Geneva (CH), University of Bern (CH), California Institute of Technology (US), Ames Research Center (US), Planetary Science Institute (US), Universities Space Research Association (US), Ritsumeikan University (JP), University of Liège (BE), Universidad de La Laguna (ES), Universitat de València (ES), Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (MX), Universidad de Granada (ES), Lund University (SE), The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI (JP), Oakwood Academy (GB), NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (US), Westlake University (CN), Calar Alto Observatory (ES), Astrobiology Center (JP), Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife (ES), Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US), Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (IT), Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES), Tokyo Metropolitan Komaba High School (JP), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (ES), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (JP), Space Research Organisation Netherlands (NL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US), University of Maryland, College Park (US), The University of Tokyo (JP), University of Birmingham (GB), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX), Technical University of Denmark (DK)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, H2020 European Research Council, Corporation for Supportive Housing
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