Microbiome–metabolite signaling drives aluminum stress alleviation in soybean under intercropping and selenium nanoparticle application

, lactucin, and sordarin. These coordinated shifts in the microbial community structure and metabolite profiles indicate that the activation of rhizosphere chemical signaling restricts pathogen proliferation and enhances Al detoxification. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that selenium nanoparticles potentiate intercropping-induced rhizosphere reprogramming, linking redox regulation, nitrogen transformation, and microbiome-metabolite signaling to improve aluminum stress tolerance and disease resistance in soybean. This study provides mechanistic insight into how nano-enabled agronomic strategies influence plant signaling networks under edaphic stress.