Association of Obesity and Dietary Quality with Self-Reported Cardiovascular Disease Among Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dietary quality is a significant independent factor inversely associated with CVD prevalence, regardless of obesity status. Suboptimal dietary habits cluster among smokers and individuals with lower health literacy and physical activity levels, showing a stronger association with cognitive and behavioral factors than with demographic or occupational characteristics. Interventions should prioritize enhancing health literacy and addressing the clustering of unhealthy behaviors to effectively address the cardiovascular burden in the Chinese population.