Gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents: consensus report
PURPOSE: The objectives of this focused Workshop were to update the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents, and to explore the applicability of the 2018 classification in children and adolescents. METHODS: The workshop discussions were informed by three specifically commissioned systematic reviews covering gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions, in systemically healthy children and adolescents, or in children and adolescents with systemic conditions. RESULTS: Over 70 genetic, congenital and acquired systemic conditions that impact the periodontal tissues were identified, with levels of evidence graded as very low, low, and moderate. Gingival diseases and conditions in systemically healthy children and adolescents were identified, alongside local predisposing and systemic modifying factors. Periodontitis and other periodontal conditions in the 2018 classification system also apply in children and adolescents, however there are challenges with periodontal probing in the primary and mixed dentition. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal tissues in children and adolescents differ from adults and require special consideration, accounting for their stage of development and predisposing and modifying factors unique to younger patients, which may confound accurate diagnosis, prognostication and management. Specific approaches to screening, examination and treatment are necessary for safe and effective management in this patient group.
Authors
- M. M. Danser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5764-3670)
- Biniyam Wondimu
- Elisabeth Dursun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7704-5990)
- Filippo Graziani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-7306)
- Rodrigo López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6170-507X)
- Georgios Tsilingaridis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5361-5840)
- E Davidovich
- Lior Shapira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9145-5155)
- Nicola West (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-5530)
- Clara Joseph (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-6163)
- David Herrera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5554-2777)
- Elena Figuero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-1416)
- Mervi Gürsoy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8545-6821)
- Nicolaos Donos
- Sotiria Gizani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0701-6139)
- Dominique Declerck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-0675)
- Joerg Meyle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0495-6926)
- Moritz Kebschull (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-0679)
- Svante Twetman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0199-9210)
- Cheryl Somani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0864-7955)
- A. Molina
- Sören Jepsen
- V. Clerehugh
- Ferranti Wong
- Janet Davies
- Mariano Sanz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6293-5755)
- Phoebus N. Madianos
- Tina Lambrinaki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7216-1967)
- Norbert Kraemer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9068-2213)
- David John Manton
- Iain Chapple
Institutions
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Délégation Paris 5 (FR)
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Birmingham City University (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Inserm (FR)
- University of Turku (FI)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Université de Montpellier (FR)
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Université Paris Cité (FR)
- University Of Bristol Dental Hospital (GB)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (FR)
- NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (GB)
- Giessen School of Theology (DE)
- Eastman Dental Hospital (GB)
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (GB)
- University of Bergen (NO)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- KU Leuven (BE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry
- Published
- 2026-04-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01154-y
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 22.15
Funders
- Colgate-Palmolive Company
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid