Electrospun PCL/PLGA–biogenic hydroxyapatite nanofibers with bioactive additives: physicochemical characterization and <i>in vitro</i> mineralization

m depending on additive composition. SBF immersion demonstrated apatite layer formation, indicating good mineralization potential. Swelling ratio analysis showed additive-dependent hydration behavior, with amoxicillin (143%) and propolis (129%) significantly increasing swelling, while EW produced moderate swelling (79%) compared to the base scaffold (63%). Overall, the hybrid scaffolds demonstrated synergistic physicochemical stability and bioactivity, supporting their potential use as functional biomaterial platforms.