A Demographic and Biochemical Profile of Patients with Premature Graying of Hair (Canities) at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Case–Control Study

BACKGROUND: Premature graying of hair (PGH) is a significant concern for individuals, as it is frequently perceived as an indicator of advancing age and reduced vitality, and can lead to lower self-esteem and psychological distress. Deficiencies of vitamin B12, vitamin D3 and ferritin may be related to PGH. Nevertheless, data on the specific risk factors and biochemical parameters for PGH in India are relatively limited. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the various demographic and potential risk factors, along with biochemical variables linked to PGH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An analytical case-control study was conducted on patients attending the skin outpatient department with PGH. The control group comprised age- and gender-matched patients and attendants with other dermatoses. Various demographic factors and potential risk factors were documented and compared with control groups. Measurement of serum ferritin, calcium, hemoglobin, vitamin D3, vitamin B12, lipid profile, and thyroid profile was done and analyzed between the cases and controls. RESULTS: Males outnumbered females with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1. Most of the cases of PGH belonged to the age group of 15-25 years (71.5%). On binary multivariate regression analysis, statistically significant differences in family history, smoking and hair plucking compared to controls were noted. Additionally, the cases had considerably lower levels of serum ferritin ( P = 0.020), vitamin B12 ( P = 0.012), and vitamin D3 ( P = 0.043). LIMITATIONS: This study was done at a single center. We plan to conduct a multicentric study in the future. Recall bias may also be a limitation in the study. The patients were not followed-up after correction to assess it's effect. CONCLUSION: Identifying modifiable risk factors and correcting biochemical abnormalities may help in preventing and better managing patients with PGH.