The botany of money: geographical and sociological patterns in plant images on currency

Context Images on currency have varied over the time fiat money has been used. Initially money had intrinsic value based on metal content, but its value became increasingly reliant on that assigned to it by the issuing authority. Both coins and notes typically have images. Some, such as heads of state, indicate guarantees of value but others represent socially significant features, including plants. Aims We aimed to examine the biogeographic patterns of plant categories that have been depicted on coins and banknotes to identify any trends in the symbolism of the designs on banknotes and coins for different parts of the world. Methods We collected currency items and used web searches to compile information about plant images used on money from currently recognised modern and ancient countries. Key results Governments give serious consideration to currency design because the images can be considered to provide a sense of community or national ‘belonging’. Plants most commonly depicted on currency are food plants, many of which are also emblems or motifs of the state. The images need to be recognisable to the users of the currency as there is normally no explanation of the importance of the organism or even its name. Currencies from different regions of the world have different patterns of plant types. Conclusions It is unclear how observant people are of the images on currency. However, almost all countries or states have plant emblems that are very recognizable. Implications With the current trend towards digital money there is a threat that cherished state emblems may disappear from public consciousness.