Waldenström macroglobulinemia complicated with AL λ − type amyloid nephropathy: a case report and literature review

- type amyloid nephropathy. Chemotherapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (RCD regimen), combined with symptomatic supportive therapy, resulted in temporary improvement of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters. However, the disease progressed rapidly. The patient died on Jan 28, 2024, approximately 3 months after discharge, due to multiple organ failure involving cardiac, renal, and respiratory dysfunction. Based on relevant literature and the Chinese Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma (LPL)/WM (2022 Edition) [Abstract 3], this paper discusses diagnostic criteria, differentiation of pathogenic components, treatment strategies, and prognostic factors. These findings may provide clinical guidance for similar rare cases.