Collective Land Mobilization in Morocco: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Investment Dynamics in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra Region

Abstract: This study examines the mobilization of collective lands (Soulaliyates) in Morocco within the context of the "Generation Green 2020-2030" strategy. Drawing on Heller's (1998) "Anti-Commons" theoretical framework, the research investigates whether the state-led leasing mechanism addresses the structural paralysis historically linked to indivision and fragmented property rights. Employing a mixed-methods approach in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region, the study integrates quantitative analysis of 32 agricultural investment projects with qualitative semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders. Findings indicate a clear distinction between legal land mobilization and actual economic valorization. Although the leasing mechanism separates ownership from usage and circumvents traditional tribal vetoes, it does not ensure project success: only 44% of the projects achieved effective development, while 56% remain stalled or have been terminated. The analysis reveals an evolution of the "Anti-Commons" effect, as initial community blockages give way to "entrepreneurial" inertia resulting from adverse selection and procedural bottlenecks. The article concludes that while long-term leases are necessary for agrarian transition, they are insufficient without comprehensive reform of territorial governance and investor selection processes. Keywords: Collective Lands, Anti-Commons, Agricultural Investment, Generation Green 2020-2030.