Clinical Risk Management and Postoperative Outcomes After Colorectal Resection: A Retrospective Observational Study

: The low rates of complications and in-hospital mortality observed in this cohort were documented within a hospital operating under a mandatory institutional CRM framework. However, due to the retrospective single-arm design, these findings should be interpreted as descriptive and hypothesis-generating rather than causal. The Clavien-Dindo system provided a useful tool for grading complication severity and supporting postoperative management. These findings support continued refinement of perioperative care pathways and further comparative studies on CRM implementation.